Approximately 600 kilometers (about 373 miles) south of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia’s capital city.
Bayanzag, also known as the Flaming Red Cliffs, is located 90 km northwest of Dalanzadgad and 17 km east of Bulgan soum in Umnugobi province, Mongolia. The region is characterized by its striking red sandstone cliffs and canyons, which glow a fiery orange at sunset.
The cliffs form a morphological boundary between the desert steppe zone above and the desert basin floor below. The surrounding landscape includes a vast-open grassy desert steppe and a grove of saxaul trees, which are vital for preventing soil erosion and supporting local wildlife.
This area in Mongolia’s Gobi Desert gained fame in the early 20th century when American paleontologist Roy Chapman Andrews led expeditions that unearthed numerous dinosaur fossils, including the first discovered dinosaur eggs in 1922.
The discovery of human artifacts at Bayanzag’s Flaming Cliffs also adds an intriguing dimension to the site’s history. These artifacts, including tools like flints, scrapers, stone drills, arrowheads, and pottery, provide evidence of human habitation dating back between 12,000 and 7,000 years ago. Roy Chapman Andrews and his team named these ancient inhabitants ‘Dune Dwellers.’
Tourists visiting Bayanzag, the Flaming Red Cliffs, can explore one of the world’s most renowned paleontological sites, famous for its dinosaur fossils and the first discovered dinosaur eggs.
The vibrant red sandstone cliffs offer breathtaking views, especially at sunrise and sunset. Visitors can learn about the area’s rich history at a small ger museum, hike through the dramatic landscape, and stay in traditional ger camps that provide panoramic views of the desert steppe. The nearby saxaul tree grove, which helps prevent soil erosion, adds to the unique environment.
Bayanzag also offers a glimpse into ancient human history with artifacts dating back thousands of years, making it a must-visit destination for nature enthusiasts and history buffs alike.
Bayanzag experiences a continental desert climate, characterized by extreme temperature variations throughout the year. Summers are hot, with temperatures soaring above 40°C (104°F) during the day, while winters are bitterly cold, dropping below freezing with occasional snowfall.
The flora and fauna in Bayanzag are adapted to survive in this harsh desert environment. Common plant species include saxaul trees (Haloxylon ammodendron), which are crucial for preventing soil erosion and providing shelter for wildlife. Other plants like ephemeral grasses and shrubs appear during brief periods of rainfall, supporting a variety of desert-adapted insects and small animals.
Animal life in Bayanzag includes species like the Mongolian gazelle, wild asses, and various reptiles adapted to the desert’s arid conditions. Birds such as eagles, vultures, and falcons are also spotted in the area, along with smaller desert birds.
Sun Protection: Sunscreen, sunglasses, and a wide-brimmed hat to protect against the intense desert sun.
Water and Hydration: Carry plenty of water to stay hydrated, especially during hot weather.
Comfortable Clothing: Lightweight, breathable clothing suitable for hot and cold temperatures, including long sleeves and pants for sun protection.
Sturdy Footwear: Comfortable, closed-toe shoes for walking and hiking on uneven terrain.
Camera or Smartphone: Capture the stunning landscapes and wildlife with a camera or smartphone.
Binoculars: Optional but helpful for observing wildlife and distant scenery.
